David Christopher, Orthopedic Surgeon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

David Christopher, Orthopedic Surgeon - Essay Example e second to most popular though specialist B takes up to an hour for the most required and the second to most required medical procedure that he executes. What's more, specialist B is increasingly talented as he does medical procedures of a more noteworthy assortment when contrasted with the specialist A. Keeping these realities into thought, one route for Dr. Christopher to expand the patient throughput and in like manner the incomes without bargaining upon the nature of care is to include a specialist who is talented in the medical procedures of ACL tendon fix, Achilles ligament fix, and knee substitution since these are the medical procedures with a great deal of interest. The subsequent methodology can be to utilize the specialists An and B just for the medical procedures that are more popular and quit doing medical procedures in regions that have no interest. The record shows that no patient has been booked for the medical procedures of large toe substitution and broke hip, so the changeover time of 45 minutes devoured by specialist An and B in these medical procedures can be used all the more productively by accomplishing more medical procedures of ACL tendon fix that, however Dr. Christopher needs to prepare specialist A to play out this medical procedure. Dr. Christopher can likewise expand the incomes without trading off upon the nature of administration by better administration of time. By and by, the medical procedures are done uniquely from 7:00 am to 12:00 early afternoon though in the time from that point, patients are seen either in the emergency clinic or the center. Evening till sever, there is a lot of time that can be profited in really performing medical procedures instead of simply checking patients. In any event, this time can be utilized to play out the medical procedures that take equivalent to or under 1 hour to perform and are high popular like the ACL tendon fix medical procedure, the Achilles ligament fix medical procedure or the rotator sleeve fix medical procedure. One more path is to keep the quantity of specialists the equivalent however separate the medical procedures between before early afternoon and evening time contingent on the time they take. For instance, Dr. Christopher should make the

Epidemiology and Surveillance Essay Example for Free

The study of disease transmission and Surveillance Essay Scott L Tomar, a calling at the University of Florida depicts general wellbeing reconnaissance as the continuous methodical assortment, investigation, understanding and scattering of information with respect to a wellbeing related occasion for the utilization in general wellbeing activity (Tomar, 2007). The data gathered from reconnaissance is actualized in arranging, assessing and to assemble look into theory (Tomar, 2007). He clarifies that this observation contributes and helps in the diminishing of dreariness and mortality, yet additionally the oversight in wellbeing improvement. Observation is a segment of correspondence and association for checking and forestalling infections and ailments. The United States doesn't have an observation program set up for periodontal malady. It isn't being observed state, nation wide or even locally. These frameworks have been utilized for quite a long time for different illnesses; luckily periodontal observation is simply in its starting stages. The Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors and the habitats for illness control and Prevention’s Division of Oral Health made the NOHSS, National Oral Health Surveillance frameworks. This program helps with checking and deciding the obligation as well as outcome of oral infections, conveyance framework and the water fluoridation at state and national levels. NOHSS likewise has executed signs to search for in the observations which are, grown-up dental visits, tooth cleaning, tooth misfortune, fluoridation status, youngster caries experience, kid untreated caries, dental sealants and malignant growth of the oral hole and pharynx (Tomar, 2007). The hazard factors for periodontal ailment as per the NIDCR, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research are smoking, hormonal changes in young ladies and ladies, diabetes, maladies of malignancy or helps and their medicines, prescriptions, and hereditary defenselessness. In the event that these components would be checked and placed into an information base this desased can be forestalled or treated all the more precisely. It would limit the unfriendly effects or wellbeing dangers it can cause to the populace. Reconnaissance can quantify what is orally, to be increasingly accurate periodontal with the populace. The eventual fate of the treatment and avoidance of this sickness can profit by search and consciousness of the issue. Observation can clearly help arrive at this objective. When all the variables, data and information are gathered and investigated by the reconnaissance dental specialist, hygienist and oral specialists can be increasingly educated and taught about this developing issue. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has collaborated with the American Academy of Periodontoly to start the CDC Periodontal Disease Surveillance Project. This venture focuses on populace based observation at all levels. Reconnaissance has improved massively and has created substantial self-announced This activity has made huge progressions toward the objective of improved observation, including creating legitimate self-detailed estimates that can be gotten from meet based studies to foresee commonness of periodontal issues in populaces. The project’s objective is to affirm and discover legitimacy These eight inquiries will be field tried in the United States populace in two stages. As noted in the article, a pilot will utilize a little accommodation test of United States subjects to lay the preparation and legitimize further testing of these inquiries in a national study. The key target of this pilot stage will be as per the following: 1) to affirm that these inquiries, or a subset of them, have adequate legitimacy for anticipating periodontitis in this example of the United States populace; 2) to decide if non-reaction rates to these inquiries contrast among racial/ethnic gatherings; and 3) to evaluate the calculated parts of leading the pilot. I am a firm adherent that observation ought to be utilized on numerous parts of general wellbeing. Your wellbeing is resolved not just by your own hereditary qualities and individual decisions, yet in addition by the earth around you. We as a whole endeavor to live long, sound lives and where we live, work and play influences our wellbeing. In the event that you care about your wellbeing, the length and nature of your life, and the wellbeing and lives of your loved ones, at that point you should think about general wellbeing and the multi week out of the year devoted to bettering the lives of you and your environmental factors. Observation makes it simpler to see ones environmental factors.

Extra Money For The Holidays

Extra Money For The Holidays How to Earn Extra Money: 4 Curious Tricks Home›Tips for Students›How to Earn Extra Money: 4 Curious Tricks Tips for StudentsMoney making tipsWe’d all like to make extra cash for the holidays, but not everyone knows how to do this. Finding additional sources of income is not an easy task, and it can be especially daunting if you’ve never done this before. Here are the best money making tips that are sure to improve your financial situation.Have a Garage SaleA winter garage sale may seem like a bit of a difficult conundrum. After all, people are less likely to come if there’s a danger of freezing. However, with all the available apps, you can easily have a garage sale without actually organizing anything physical or meeting any of your customers. Or you can just take all you wares to a local flee market.Try Part-timingPeople shop a lot more during a winter season. This works in your favor as there’s a lot more help needed in retail. It may not be the most glamorous of the jobs, but all the money would surely make it worth your while.BabysitIt is not exactly a steady job; though, it may be perfect as a means of picking up a few extra bucks. Ask your friends and family members if they know any people who are in need of a night out. Also, you can post about your services online, but make sure that you don’t have any inappropriate pictures in your social media because parents are likely to check.Sell the Textbooks You No Longer NeedThere are several ways to do this. You can always return the books to your campus bookstore. However, you are unlikely to get the best deal there. You can also check out the sites, such as CampusBooks. There people can place bids on your textbooks, so you’ll probably receive a better payment.Being a college student is often associated with being completely broken, but with enough determination and willingness, you can still have enough to celebrate well and give great gifts to your loved ones.

Extra Money For The Holidays

Extra Money For The Holidays How to Earn Extra Money: 4 Curious Tricks Home›Tips for Students›How to Earn Extra Money: 4 Curious Tricks Tips for StudentsMoney making tipsWe’d all like to make extra cash for the holidays, but not everyone knows how to do this. Finding additional sources of income is not an easy task, and it can be especially daunting if you’ve never done this before. Here are the best money making tips that are sure to improve your financial situation.Have a Garage SaleA winter garage sale may seem like a bit of a difficult conundrum. After all, people are less likely to come if there’s a danger of freezing. However, with all the available apps, you can easily have a garage sale without actually organizing anything physical or meeting any of your customers. Or you can just take all you wares to a local flee market.Try Part-timingPeople shop a lot more during a winter season. This works in your favor as there’s a lot more help needed in retail. It may not be the most glamorous of the jobs, but all the money would surely make it worth your while.BabysitIt is not exactly a steady job; though, it may be perfect as a means of picking up a few extra bucks. Ask your friends and family members if they know any people who are in need of a night out. Also, you can post about your services online, but make sure that you don’t have any inappropriate pictures in your social media because parents are likely to check.Sell the Textbooks You No Longer NeedThere are several ways to do this. You can always return the books to your campus bookstore. However, you are unlikely to get the best deal there. You can also check out the sites, such as CampusBooks. There people can place bids on your textbooks, so you’ll probably receive a better payment.Being a college student is often associated with being completely broken, but with enough determination and willingness, you can still have enough to celebrate well and give great gifts to your loved ones.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter Of Burningham Jail

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter of Burningham jail mentions Socrates three times, giving the appearance that Socrates practiced civil disobedience directly and indirectly. However, King’s requirements for Civil disobedience are not met by Socrates s situation, illuminated by the Apology and the Crito. King and Socrates both utilized non-violent intellectual tension to enact change. Although Socrates uses the same force as King, his lack of guilt or an attempt to negotiate prevents him from practicing true civil disobedience. At first glance, respect for the social contract and civil disobedience seem to be in direct opposition of each other While some may argue that this affection prevents him from practicing civil disobedience. Additionally, they argue that any violation of the law would erode its power and lead to anarchy. However, their argument oversimplifies the social contract as just a set of rules to be followed when it includes consequences for breaches of the law. Further, as King argues proponents of civil disobedience, who break unjust laws and accept the consequences, display a rich love for the law. To illustrate the difference between civil disobedience and disrespect for the law King lays forth a set of requirements; In no sense do I advocate evading or defying the law, as would the rabid segregationist. That would lead to anarchy. One who breaks an unjust law must do so openly, lovingly, and with a willingness to accept the penalty. I submit that an

Obesity in America Fast Food Restaurants are NOT the Problem

With the continued growth of fast food restaurants, low priced food, and fast friendly service, these restaurants have become very appealing to the average consumer. With this increase in popularity, there has come many problems for these companies associated with the fast food industry. These stores are being blamed for the rise of obesity and other health issues in America; leading to many wanting a ban or probation on these fast food restaurants. The Government has stepped in on this issue and is trying to coming up with solutions for this so called â€Å"epidemic†. â€Å"One ordinance has passed by the Los Angeles City Council that bans the issuance of permits relating to the construction of any new fast food restaurants in South Los Angeles,†¦show more content†¦Whereas, McDonalds offers a similar smoothie for $3, it takes only a few seconds to make, and contains only 220 calories† (Freedman, 2013, p. 13). This is very important considering that the main f actor to people becoming obese is caused by calorie intake versus outtake. With the fast food restaurant, the consumer is taking in less calories than a â€Å"healthy† restaurant. For these reasons, fast food restaurants should not be blamed for obesity in America when their servings have less calories than other restaurants. Fast food restaurants are said to be full of fattening foods that lead to health problems for all of the people that eat at these restaurants on a continually bases. â€Å"The fact is, there is simply no clear, credible evidence that any aspect of food processing or storage makes a food uniquely unhealthy† (Freedman, 2013, p. 13). People just believe that processed food is bad for you just because it is different from traditional food, they are just afraid of this new concept. The biggest fast food chain â€Å"McDonalds has quietly been making healthy changes for years, shrinking portion sizes, reducing some fats, trimming average salt conten t by more than 10 percent in the past couple of years alone, and adding fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and oatmeal to its menu† (Freedman, 2013, p. 13). This company is giving the consumer many healthy choices to choice from,Show MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity Is Not Only A Problem1666 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity is not only a problem, it is an epidemic that is occurring in the United States. ​This problem is often caused by children eating too much and not exercising enough. Childhood obesity became a problem between 1990 ­2000. It started with children s BMI increasing and weight gain. Obesity causes emotional and physical damage to the child. About 78 million adults and 13 million kids in the United States have to deal with the effects of obesity every day, and this number is growingRead MoreObesity : A Major Health Challenge1319 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Obesity is a major health challenge in the United States. The World Obesity Federation reports obesity has become a major growing health problem since infectious diseases and nutrient deficiencies began to fade in the first half of the 20th century (WOF, 2015, para 1). Obesity is one of the biggest challenges facing healthcare today. 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Fast foods restaurants provide foods that are quick, cheap, and easy alternatives to home cooked meals, that do not provide table service, and tend to be high in saturated fat, salt, calories while containing little nutrients (Gaskell). Sometimes we eat food from restaurant chains such as McDonalds, Kentucky FriedRead MoreFood and Culture Essays1398 Words   |  6 Pagescontemporary food habits of African Americans compared with the typical American majority diet Introduction I have chosen to write on African American food habits because I believe their food tells a story of endurance and adaptability during hard times. I’ve heard the word ‘soul food’ bandied about without actually knowing what the essence of it was. 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Particular attention is paid to Subway restaurants outlining the key strategies needed in order to increase popularity and therefore visitor numbers. The Research Focus forms the backdrop of the study highlighting the background of the problem of obesity levels and the availability of fast food choices. Secondary data investigates past research undertaken in customer satisfaction surveysRead MoreCase: Pizza Chains of the United States and Pizza Hut10172 Words   |  41 PagesBorja Rice University Introduction Historically, Domino’s Pizza has been a strong player in both the domestic US and international out-ofhome pizza marketplaces. With more than 9,300 locations in 65 countries, Domino’s is the number two pizza restaurant behind Pizza Hut and number one in the pizza delivery segment with market share numbers approaching 20 percent.1 (See Exhibit 1 for a ranking of the top 50 pizzeria brands in 2009 by sales.) In recent years, how ever, Dom ino’s ha s com e un derRead MoreA Study On Obesity And Obesity3724 Words   |  15 PagesUMEH ADAEZE ANGELA FEMALE C/o PASTOR MRS DORCAS TEGBE. PLOT 211 CADASTRAL ZONE B14 ALONG APO MECHANIC VILLAGE ROAD DUTSE DISTRICT ABUJA. +2348037726861 gentledazy@gmail.com COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS KNOWLEDGE OF CAUSES, HEALTH IMPLICATIONS AND PREVENTION OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY: A GUIDE TO PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION. ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity are increasing globally even in developing nations. Nigeria currently does not have national figures on overweight and obesity in adults and adolescentsRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 Pages.................................................................................................... 6 Pester power.................................................................................................................................. 6 Food and beverage preferences..................................................................................................... 6 Interactive media......................................................................................................

Baseball in America Essay - 1555 Words

Baseball in America is about as common as Cricket is to Indian Nations. Baseball was played and was also participated by everyone. People played it everywhere from large cities to even small towns. Children and even adults were playing. The game of baseball was invented between 1861 and 1865 which was before the American Civil War. Many of the people that know of the game of baseball reference as the â€Å"National Past Time†. Many people played baseball or even played the cousin sport called softball. Unlike basketball and football- baseball can be played well by an average height and weight person. Baseball came of age in the 1920s when Babe Ruth who passed away in 1948 came into the spotlight and led the power house New York Yankees to†¦show more content†¦In 1871 the first professional baseball league was born and by the beginning of the 20th century most large cities in the eastern United States had a professional baseball team. Theres been many different things in the past and current history that has impact baseball majorly. Some of them are Pete Rose when he bet on games back in 1983, The 1994 Baseball Strike, and the usage of steroids or PEDs. Pete Rose was born in 1941 in Cincinnati, Ohio and while he was growing up a young kid he cheered for the hometown team which was the Cincinnati Reds. Once he retired from the game of baseball in 1986 he was the all-time leader in hits, games and at-bats. He was know for his hard- charging style so he got the nickname â€Å"Charlie Hustle†. The nickname was given to him by an All-Star New York Yankee pitcher by the name of Whitey Ford. A few years after he retired from the game of baseball he got a managerial job with his hometown team the Cincinnati Reds (Biography). A few years after Mr. Rose got the job with the Reds he was questioned by then commissioner of baseball Peter Ueberroth on gambling charges. A month later the rumors circulate publicly about Rose’s gambling problems an d he also said, â€Å" I’d be willing to bed you, if I were a betting man, that I have never bet on baseball.† In June of 1989 Giamatti’s report which was confidential was released to the media by the court officials. The report shows that in ’85, ’86 and ’87 Pete Rose had bet onShow MoreRelatedBaseball Is America s Sport1505 Words   |  7 PagesBaseball has been around for centuries and is a sport that has been one of america’s most popular sport for a very long time. Filled with excitement,happiness and fans that absolutely love the game baseball can Arguably be america’s sport. Created in 1846 and having many changes that have bettered and the game more exciting. Some will say that it is boring and lost its cool but baseball is far from losing its cool. 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This continues when the son begins to play little league baseball, both father and son dreaming of playing in the World Series one day. For most boys, the dream ends in high school. For those talented enough, the dream may continue through college. For the most talented boy, that dream is realized and he becomes a professional baseball playerRead MoreBaseball Is America s National Pastime976 Words   |  4 PagesThe argument over which sport is originally Americas national past time is as enduring and intense as American sports themselves. Each and every week millions of people tune in to watch their favorite sports being played. Over the years baseball has traditionally been known as the national pastime among all sports, but the rich tradition and history behind baseball is still around and noticed, with that being said, baseball is still referred to as America’s national pastime. This can be attributedRead MoreHow did baseball influence America?821 Words   |  4 PagesWhoever wants to know the heart and mind of America had better learn baseball, Jacques Barzun, the social commentator, wrote more than a quarter of a century ago. Fundamentally, Barzun said in an interview last week, things havent changed. Baseball still reflects our society, its just that our society has changed. Baseball, Barzun says, once expressed the unification of America, the teamwork involved. When we look at the triumphs of American technology on a large scale, heRead MoreBaseball : America s Pastime Of The Past1255 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball: America’s Pastime of the Past A pastime is a hobby that is performed in someone’s spare time. The term America’s pastime is something that the entire nation enjoys and participates in. Since its creation, baseball has taken the top spot as the nation’s favorite recreation. For generations it filled the homes of Americans whether it be via television, conversation, or participation. Families would travel together to their local baseball stadium and root for the home team. KidsRead MoreBaseball Is America s Pastime1064 Words   |  5 PagesBaseball is America’s pastime. Baseball is a sport that is played with a bat, glove, and a baseball. The sport is popular worldwide. Countries around the world have developed their own leagues and have created teams in the leagues to play against each other. The age group for baseball players range from the ages of 5 to about 65. Some leagues are created with age restrictions on them so that play levels can be fair. For example, 5 years ol ds playing together would be more fair than an 18 year oldRead MoreBaseball : America s Pastime869 Words   |  4 PagesBaseball; America’s pastime. The history of the game is just as much a part of America’s story as the Liberty Bell. There is no place that history is preserved more than the small town of 1,800 residents, Cooperstown, NY; home of the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Since 1936, the Hall of Fame has immortalized 215 of the most revered men to ever grace a ball diamond. Nearly every era of the game is depicted; with names like Cobb, Ruth, DiMaggio, Williams, and Mantle forever having their likenessRead MoreBaseball, America s Pastime2009 Words   |  9 PagesBaseball is referred to as â€Å"America’s Pastime.† Many people argue it is one of the hardest sports to succeed in. Out of the four major sports in the United States, hitting a 95 mile per hour fastball is a goal only few can accomplish at a professional level. With only 750 pl ayers throughout 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) teams, the odds of making it to â€Å"The Show† are highly unlikely. To make it to the big leagues as an African American player was an even harder feat to accomplish in the mid to lateRead MoreJackie Robinson s Influence On Baseball And America1392 Words   |  6 PagesRobinson’s Influence in Baseball and America Baseball has been known as America’s great sport since the 1920’s. Many people love to watch the games and create their own fantasy teams because they look up to the wide, diverse players on each team. Every team consists of males of different races and this helps bring culture into the great game. Having such a big diversity in one sport makes it easier for more people to enjoy because there is something in it for every person. However, baseball has not always

Online Dating A Way Of Life For Millions Of People Around The World examples Essay Example For Students

Online Dating : A Way Of Life For Millions Of People Around The World examples Essay Online Dating Online dating has changed how singles meet. Online dating became a way of life for millions of people around the world looking for companionship. Online dating has open up a lot of doors for people who aren’t great dating in real life. With all the challenges of dating in today’s world, more people have been move to the internet more. Through all the controversy, online dating shouldn’t be banned because of provides great matching compatibility, assess to others, and offers number of ways to communicate. Online Dating sites offer plenty types of personality test and matching. Such matching can help individuals find partners who may be more compatible to them. Online test may not be able to tell who the perfect match is but they are narrowing down options. Many sites provide matching tools and send emails of matches to make it easier to view potential dates. Despite claims of using a science-based approach with sophisticated algorithm-based matching, the authors found no published, peer-reviewed papers or Internet postings, for that matter (informal details should specific)†¦ the criteria used by dating sites for matching or for selecting which profiles a user gets to peruse. (Eastwick 2011) â€Å"Online test often point out potential daters who would be the best and the worst relationship partner for anyone. Matching can help avoid those who might be a disaster. Dating sites brings together thousands of single people who are intrigued in meeting new and excited people. The internet makes it faster and posting personality test makes finding a date a breeze than looking for date in a club, party, etc. With online dating matching, every member is looking for the same thing; a relationship with someone they are comp. .ommon sense in communicating and giving information online. Most dating sites put safety as their first priority so users can be safe chatting with people. Communication is the key and keeping up conservation is how people meet! The banishment of online dating shouldn t be allowed because of support wonderful matching, connection to plenty partners, and many ways to make conservation. Online dating holds a lot of advantages for people. By matching people with their soul mate, making love connection with more people than fish in the ocean, and making communication look easy. Online dating helps and eliminates all of the challenges of meeting someone in real life. As online dating expand and develop, it more than likely more and more of us will first confront our romantic partner online. Cupid’s arrows will be precise to extent that online dating is known worldwide

The hydrogen peroxide Essay Example

The hydrogen peroxide Paper The substances that I am going to use in this investigation are Manganese Dioxide and Hydrogen Peroxide. The Manganese Dioxide is a chemical catalyst and will be used to speed up the breaking down of Hydrogen Peroxide. I am using a chemical catalyst because it would give a more accurate result compared to organic or biological catalysts. This because organic and biological catalysts are enzymes, which require a certain temperature and will need to be kept constant as they work best between that temperatures. For example, 37 degrees centigrade to 40 degrees centigrade are temperatures when enzymes work best. This is because enzymes are found in the human body and are used for digestion. Also the human body has a body temperature of 37 degrees centigrade, which is why the enzymes work best at that temperature. Enzymes such amylase is found in the mouth breaks down starch in to maltose. In the stomach pepsin is used to break down protein in to polypeptides. In the small intestines using the enzyme peptidase produces amino acids when polypeptides are broken down. Also this is where the maltose is broken down into glucose using the enzyme called maltase. Hydrogen Peroxide with a chemical equation of H2O2 looks very similar to the equation for water H2O however having an extra Oxygen atom compared to water but this changes the properties of Hydrogen Peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is a very reactive compound that can be used for a variety of reactions including bleaching and disinfecting minor wounds. Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 is made up of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. We will write a custom essay sample on The hydrogen peroxide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The hydrogen peroxide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The hydrogen peroxide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 looks like water H2O, but that extra oxygen molecule makes this natural water additive one of the most powerful oxidizers. Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2 has many uses and is used to bleach textiles and paper products. Other industrial uses consist of Oil refining, Food processing, Landfills, etc. The Hydrogen Peroxide is constantly being broken down but at a slow rate. With the help of the catalyst, Manganese Dioxide this will speed up the decomposition of the Hydrogen Peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide typically decomposes to form water and oxygen at the rate of 10% per year. Here is the word equation for the reaction that I have just described: HYDROGEN PEROXIDE WATER + OXYGEN MANGANESE DIOXIDE Another way of describing this equation is in a balanced chemical equation: 2H2O 2H2O + O2 MnO2 Variables There are many things involved in this investigation, which could affect the speed the speed of this investigation. These called the variables. These variables consist of the surface area, the concentration, and the use of a catalyst, the amount of the catalyst and also the temperature. Heat, light, or a catalyst can accelerate the reaction. Surface area If the Manganese Dioxide has a large surface area increases the speed of the reaction because there will be more space covered by the Manganese Dioxide resulting in more of the Manganese Dioxide reacting with the Hydrogen peroxide hence increasing the speed of the reaction. And a smaller surface area will have a slower reaction rate compared to a larger surface area. Concentration of the Hydrogen Peroxide A high concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide would speed up the rate of decomposition. This because the concentration has an affect on how strong the Hydrogen Peroxide is. The higher the concentration the stronger the Hydrogen Peroxide is likely to be. So if the Hydrogen Peroxide has a stronger concentration that will mean that it is very reactive. Therefore being reactive means it will react faster and speed up the reaction.   The use of a catalyst There are two types of catalysts. They are biological catalysts and chemical catalysts. An example of a chemical catalyst is manganese Dioxide. A few examples of biological catalysts are carrots, potatoes and Liver. Catalysts are used to speed up reactions. Biological catalysts contain enzymes that break down certain substances in to other, easier to break down substances. The enzyme amylase, found in the saliva, breaks down starch into maltose. A disadvantage of using biological catalysts is that they rely on certain temperatures to ensure that they work best. Enzymes in your body work best at 37 degrees centigrade, which is your actual body temperature. When Manganese Dioxide is added to Hydrogen Peroxide, the Hydrogen Peroxide is begins to break down in to two substances. Hydrogen Peroxide breaks down in to Oxygen and water. To collect data I cannot measure the amount of water produced. This is because it will be very difficult to separate the water produced as it has been dissolved with the hydrogen peroxide. Instead I am going to measure the volume of Oxygen in centimetres cube, as the Oxygen bubbles will not easily dissolve in water. I am going to measure the oxygen by collecting the gas in a measuring cylinder, which is full of water. The theory is that when the gas goes in to the cylinder by a delivery tube, the oxygen gas pushes out the water. This process is called the downward displacement of water. I have chosen to investigate how the concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide affects its decomposition. Prediction I think that if I increased the concentration of the Hydrogen Peroxide the speed of the reaction will increase. I also think that as I increase the concentration of the Hydrogen Peroxide, more Oxygen will be produced. This will happen because the higher the concentration the more easy it is for the Manganese Dioxide to react with the Hydrogen Peroxide. This because the concentration has an affect on how strong the Hydrogen Peroxide is.

The Handmaids Tale Analysis Essay Example

The Handmaids Tale Analysis Essay Example The Handmaids Tale Analysis Paper The Handmaids Tale Analysis Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Handmaids Tale The science fictions novel of Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale portrays how the Republic of Gilead, a totalitarian state, oppressively rules its people because of the dangerously low birth rate. In the perspective of a Handmaid named Offred, Offreds role in society, bearing children for elite couples, is disagreeable and insignificant to her and only abides with the government to save her neck. The authors style of writing conveys vivid images to the mind of the readers and thus, aids in the understanding of the whole situation as the story progresses. In the extract from page two of chapter two, a manifold of literary elements is used to effectively introduce the main themes and issues of the novel. The use of metaphors and similes, many adjectives and punctuations, references to the Bible, and how the passage is structured as a whole are all key factors to consider in order to comprehend even the vague, but equally significant, connotative definitions of the words the author has specifically chosen to use in this extract. This extract teaches the readers about the narrators lifestyle from the very first paragraph. The biblical reference to nunnery announces metaphorically that time here is measured by bells, as once in nunneries and that as in nunnery, there are few mirrors. The negative connotation of the word nunnery hints the cloistered and systematic lifestyle of a nun, who has only one purpose in life: to be devoted to God, avoid being involved in the materialistic world and push away human desires. Therefore, this biblical reference to nunnerysuggests to the readers that the narrator also lives a careful, abstaining, and restricted life with only one purpose in life. The physical appearance is unimportant and thus, as in a nunnery too, there are few mirrors. In this extract, the name of the narrator nor the narrators one purpose in life in the society is not mentioned. However, later on in the story, it becomes more evident that her role in the society is to give birth as service to her Commander and his wife. As in the first paragraph, the rest of the extract consists of long sentences divided into shorter ones by punctuation marks. Commas are the most common forms of punctuation throughout the whole novel. The punctuation marks create a hesitant atmosphere to the extract which correlates with the narrators unsecure state of mind. The language itself is simple and descriptive. For example, the color of blood, red, is a common adjective used throughout the passage: red shoes, red gloves, red cloak, etc. Red describes the pieces of apparel the narrator is wrapped in. The narrator being fully wrapped from head to toe in red leads the readers to hypothesize that this is the narrators state of being every day: tied up by the laws of the Republic of Gilead which has full authorities to control her life. The strong color of red may be tied with the emotions of anger and rebellion the narrator is experiencing. It is hinted that she doesnt enjoy being in this emotional state as she says that I never looked good in red, its not my color. The color blood which defines us may also define the color of love, true love the narrator may have experienced in the past, and birth/reproduction, the narrators only role in society. Also, the references to this color may have the role of revealing the physical and mental states of the narrator which represent the physical and mental states of the rest of the population oppressed by the the Republic of Gilead. The metaphors concerning the nunnery, the similes, like a path, like a carpet for royalty, it show me the way, like the eye of a fish, and myself in it like a distorted shadow, and towards a moment of carelessness that is the same as danger all help convey vivid images to the readers minds by referring to specific colors. The white wings which symbolize the apparel covering the face of the narrator and the lack of mirrors in the house hinder the act of looking at her physical appearance and looking forward. This fact proves that the physical appearance of a person should no longer be valued among the handmaids and thus, creates a forbidding mood to the passage. Despite the dull and melancholy descriptions made by the narrator, the place in which the narrator walks around is described as a model house: polished hallway, like a path through the forest, like a carpet for royalty, late Victorian, the ancient grandfather clock in the hallway, and a motherly front sitting room in which I never sit, but stand or kneel only. These sentences accentuate the wealth of the family of the house as well as the pitiful state of the handmaid and her low social status. This contrast emphasizes the gap in the social status that exists between the family of the house, and the narrator. Even when the narrator does manage to look into a mirror on the hall wall, the sight is only more depressing: like a distorted shadow, a parody of something, some fairytale figure in red cloak. The distorted shadow adds a grey color to the minds of the readers and thus helps in increasing the gloomy mood. The reference to some fairy tale figure in a red cloak suggests how unreal the narrator is feeling at the moment. This may be due to her reluctance to accept the reality and her longing to return to her past life. The last sentence, a sister, dipped in blood is another biblical reference and also a metaphor which explains how she is red from head to toe as if dipped in blood. There is a sense of exaggeration in this description which is linked to imagery which purposefully aids in the understanding of the readers. The extract begins with alternating descriptions of the narrators surroundings and the narrator herself, and ends with an intensified mood in the last sentence: a sister dipped in blood. The main theme introduced in this extract is Gileads role in society. This totalitarian government is superior towards its people in an excessively oppressive way, and the readers can understand the influences Gilead has on the narrator in the society, physically and mentally. Without directly pinning down the main issue, the author has successfully managed to describe Gileads role and influence in the society in the eye of a handmaid who strongly describes everything in a vigilant and disagreeable manner.

Strategic Planning versus Strategic Incrementalism Essay

Strategic Planning versus Strategic Incrementalism - Essay Example 10 To what extent is it possible and desirable for the planning and incremental approaches to be integrated within individual organisations? 13 Reference 15 Bibliography 17 Part 1 Article 1 In the article â€Å"Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent† by Henry Mintzberg and James A. Waters has helped to distinguish between the two form of strategies which are said to be two ends of continuum in the real world strategies. The article points out the importance of strategy and how organisation forms strategies; the origin of the strategies has been investigated by exploring the relationship between intentions and plan and finally what actually organisation did. The article has distinguished deliberate strategies from the emergent strategies and plays a central them in the article. The paper helps to understand the complexity involved in the process of strategy formation by elaborating and refining the concepts of both the strategies. The article has helped to answer the part 2 of the assignment as it has explained the planned strategy through which effectives of the planned strategy approach can be assumed and further use to answer the relevant queries. Apart from the planned strategy and pure deliberate and emergent strategies, the article has also explained the other types of strategy which organisation might use and they are entrepreneurial strategy, ideological strategy, the umbrella strategy, the process strategy, the unconnected strategist, consensus strategy and imposed strategies. Article 2 The second article talks about the â€Å"Pitfall of Strategic Planning† which was stated by Henry Mintzberg and addressed the planning strategy to be obsessed with control both decision and strategies for the present and future, for the managers and workers and for the customers and marketers. The article has contributed in analysing the major pitfalls of planned strategic approach in a way supporting the Incrementalism strategic approach. In the article ot her forms of way in creating strategy have also been discussed, one visionary and the other form being learning. But all the three processes should work for organisation to be effective. The article stated that the planed strategic approach is highly implementable especially when the conditions or the external environment are stable. The statement supports the query as to the type of environment in which the strategic planned approach works at its best so that organisation can evaluate all the external conditions before formulating strategies in a planner and systematic manner. Thus it can be said that pitfall in planning takes place when manger do not support planning and environmental factors are not conducive in the formation of effective strategy and vice versa. Therefore pitfall of strategic planning is an article stating that not always planned strategic leads to success. Article 3 The article, â€Å"Strategic Change: logical Incrementalism† talks about the incrementali sm approach in strategic formulation and believes that strategies should be incorporated after evaluating the current environment. The article has contributed to support the incremental approach and to compare and also contrast the incremental approach from the planned strategy formulation. It has been learnt that most of the effective strategies emerge from so called â€Å"strategic subsystem† each of which tends to attacks specific issue in much disciplined way. Various organisations have adopted the incremental strategic approach such as IBM, Xerox, General Motors and others. Thus this has also contributed in the third question of second part in proving example of real companies adopting

Speeches of the Security Members during the Resolution over Syria Essay

Speeches of the Security Members during the Resolution over Syria - Essay Example Even though, America and NATO expressed their concern regarding the affairs in that region their worry was the intimidation masqueraded by Islamic terrorism (Amnesty International, 2012, Pg.123-124). The latest Sino-Russian support over Syria in the UN Security Council, the General Assembly and other global meetings is suggestive as it reveals a mutual sense of dangers, and solidarity to develop a policy to resist America, NATO and other regional nations where their course of action threatens Chinese and Russian interests. This paper shall analyze the latest Security Council debate, which led to the resolution S/2012/77 and criticized the extended brutality caused by the Syrian authorities. I shall particularly analyze the five speeches made by the representatives of the Security members, which includes, USA, China, Russia, Syria and Azerbaijan countries (Khashan, 2011, Pg.120). In the context of the latest Security Council, the debate that led to the veto resolution S/2012/77, the Syrian government is under criticism regarding its brutal actions, and the purpose of this debate was to stop violation of human rights and attacks caused by Syria. Instead of endorsing the move to full capacity, the Russian and the Chinese ambassadors, Vitaly Churkin and Li Baodong respectively, implemented a mutual policy purposed at creating a resolution that would not be harsh on both the Syrian authorities or remove president Bashar from office. In endorsing their policy, they claimed that implementing such a resolution would provoke external armed intrusion in Syria, and this may cause an outbreak of a bloodier civil war (International Crisis Group, 2011, Pg.100-101). Vitaly Churkin emphasized that Russia’s idea was an objective solution that would eradicate human violence and attacks and commence a political healing in Syria. He said that Russia had already arranged a meeting with President Al-Assad the following week, in order to obtain a concession that would create a peaceful dialogue between the regime and the opposition parties.  Ã‚  

Medical Image Fusion Based on Joint Sparse Method

Medical Image Fusion Based on Joint Sparse Method I. INTRODUCTION From the identical scene number of images can be obtained concurrently by utilizing dissimilar sensors. Using the many sensors to identify the picture complete of scene from the obtained images is highly impossible. For this here using image fusion algorithm it will accept the mixing of multiple obtained images to produce number of useful complex image integrating the opposite information from the many sensors, yet, they are out of boundary and of dissimilar declaration. In medical diagnosis we will find the medical imaging. After completing the diagnosis the imaging movements are like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) it will gives dissimilar view in the same scene, which can be delay clinical decision making and the diagnostic process. For example MRI gives the perspectives of soft materials, while CT for bone structures evaluation. For accurate diagnosis this inspires the necessary for image fusion by combining the reciprocal information. Three problems to be notified while fusing the images [1] are: 1) the fused image should preserve all the important information needed for further processing. 2) Artifacts should not be introduced in fused image. 3) Noise and unimportant information should be suppressed. Several dissimilar Greedy approaches using the sparse representation of the signal this signal is presently possible [3], Sparse representation of signals is now possible utilizing many different Greedy approaches [3], including: 1. Matching Pursuit (MP) [3] 2. Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) [3], and 3.Stage wise Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (St OMP) [4]. These techniques are used to represent signals with the fewest number of non-zero coefficients. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [5] is one of the powerful state-of-the-art image fusion approaches in terms of visual inspection and quantitative evaluation metrics. This fusion is carried out by integrating the principal components of images to be fused. Both PCA and Sparse fusion have specific advantages and disadvantages. PCA fusion will enhance the spatial quality but have dense nonzero entries that might represent uninformative features. Sparse fusion preserves important information but high spatial resolution is lacking. This paper proposes a new algorithm inspired by [6], which employs different fusion rules for common and innovative sparse comp onents of the source images. The proposed algorithm utilizes the advantages of both PCA and Sparse representation for fusing common and innovative features of the captured images. This algorithm also overcomes the disadvantages of both PCA and Sparse representation. In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method by comparing its results with PCA and Sparse Fusion. II. SYSTEM DESIGN As discussed in the previous section, sparsest approximation is achieved through Greedy methods. In this section, we briefly explore the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm to achieve sparsest representation. These sparse coding algorithms are constructed based on the premise that Dictionary D of size nÃâ€"k is already known. For effective results, we use phase included DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) dictionary [7] for our experiment. In this paper, we have customized OMP sparse coding algorithm for fusion purposes. The ultimate aim of OMP algorithm is to achieve best approximation. The mathematical formula for solving this constraint problem is given by: (1) (2) Where N is the number of non-zero coefficients. Equation 2 represents the definition for solving error constrained problem. Next atom to be added in this iterative framework is the atom which has highest correlation to the residual at each stage. Iteration is performed until it meets the stopping criterion. OMP is due to orthogonalization between atoms in the dictionary D and residual r. Pseudo Algorithm of OMP Given: Dictionary D, signal S, and error threshold à Ã‚ µ Initialize residual r0=S-Ds0, index set I0={} and main iteration is k = k+1 (initial k=0). Using the ideal solution à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ §Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- = à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ¸Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‹Å"−1/, Calculate the error (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-) = for all i. Update stage: Augmenting the index set à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‹Å" = à °Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‹Å"−1 ∠ª {à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-0} (find i0 of (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-): ∀1 ≠¤ à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- ≠¤ à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ… ¡ and (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-0) ≠¤ (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-). Update the solution (à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ-0)+= à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ §Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ- and residual. If stopping criterion is met, à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚   = à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚  Ãƒ °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‹Å"; else, apply another iteration. III. PROPOSED SCHEME This work proposes a fusion method that employs PCA transformation and sparse transformation. An attempt is made to efficiently utilize the advantages of PCA and Sparse fusion scheme. The proposed fusion framework has been illustrated in Fig.1. Firstly, the common and innovative components are extracted from geometrically aligned multiple images of the same scene. Secondly, different fusion rules are adopted to fuse these coefficients. The algorithm is summarized as follows: 1) Registered multiple images in an ensemble have one common component and multiple innovative components. Innovative components contain the complementary information from different images of same scene 2) Innovative components of different images i are decomposed into sparse vectors s1,s2,s3,†¦si via orthogonal matching pursuit method described in Figure.1. Fig.1. Flow of Sparse PCA joint fusion algorithm 3) Combine the sparse coefficients of innovative components using PCA fusion rule, for which the covariance matrix s C of innovative images is calculated as follows, (3) Where s1,s2 are the sparse vectors of the innovative components. Find the Eigen sparse and normalized Eigen sparse vector of maximum Eigen value. Eigen vector will be used as weightings for innovative sparse vectors to be fused. 4) Fused PCA result Ip is reshaped into a block of 8Ãâ€"8 and each pixel position is the sum of several block values. Reconstructed image is obtained by dividing each pixel by number of addition operations performed at each pixel. 5) For fusing common component and fused innovative component, the fuse rule of weighted average scheme proposed by Burt et al. [2] is adopted. IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS In order to test the performance of the proposed joint fusion algorithm, we compared the quantitative and qualitative results with two state the of art methods. Qualitative measurement is done through visual inspection that considers sharpness and noise suppression. Since the proposed joint fusion uses both PCA and sparse domain, we use PCA, Sparse OMP fusion methods for comparison. For the evaluation, we adopted proposed joint strategy for Multi resolution, Multi focus and Multimode images and compared the results with existing algorithms. Our experiment is carried out with the assumption that the source images are registered already. Fig. 2, shows results of fusion for the case of multi focus images. Based on visual inspection, The Joint PCA Sparse algorithm performs the best since the resultant image contain more geometric structures while sparse fusion comes the second. Result of proposed method seems to contain sharp edges. Fig.3, illustrates results of fusion of mutli dosage image results based on three different fusion algorithms. Low dose image seems to suffer from patchiness. As it can be observed, visually, Joint Sparse result shows the details clearly than the Low dose image. Visually, joint fusion resultant seems to be better than other 2 methods. Increasing the dosage might reduce the noise but harm patients. Low dose images are prone to noise. Fusing low dose and medium dose image should suppress the noise and enhance the informative details for precise diagnosis. Fig.4, illustrates the results of applying two multi modal medical images to three image fusion algorithms. The medical images are MRI and CT image of same scene which have been registered already. CT image provides the information on bone structures and MRI image contains tissue information. Medical image fusion needs great accuracy as it’s used for diagnosis. Hence, multimodal image fusion would give sufficient details necessary for diagnosis. Based on the visual inspection, the Joint Sparse results contain more detail information. Results of PCA seem to have high spatial resolution but they are disappointing in terms of detailed information. Bone details are not visible in PCA resultant image. Sparse result is better but some artifacts are easily observed Reconstructing fused image through joint fusion algorithms seems to be more precise comparatively. In order to analyze the quality of the algorithms quantitatively, we consider 5 metrics: Mutual Information (MI), PSNR, Correlation, Entropy and Structural Similarity (SSIM) index. Mutual Information shows how much information has been transferred from source images to the resultant images. Entropy shows the amount of important details available in the image. PSNR is Peak Signal to Noise Ration which is used to measure the reconstruction quality of fused image. PSNR of the fused image If is calculated using the standard formula: (4) Where M is the maximum possible pixel value of the image and MSE is the Mean Square error. The SSIM [8] provides structural information of objects and measures the similarity between the two images. Experiment results are shown in Table.1. Tabulated result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm over existing methods in terms of Qualitative and Quantitative methodologies. We can observe that the results of multimodal image fusion and multi focus image fusion utilizing our proposed fusion strategy outperforms PCA and Sparse fusion. The PCA by itself performs poorer results for all cases. Table 1 Performance Of Fusion Methods By The Quality Evaluation Metrics Image Type Fusion Stratergy PSNR(db) Mutual Information Entropy Correlation SSIM Multi focus Joint PCA Sparse 34.1742 2.1733 7.3656 0.9990 1.000 PCA 31.6321 2.0177 7.2607 0.9981 0.9999 OMP fusion 32.3392 2.0606 7.3654 0.9981 1.000 Multi dose Joint PCA Sparse 25.2115 0.7887 4.8643 0.9997 1 PCA 22.6994 0.7638 4.7905 0.9991 0.9997 OMP fusion 24.4680 0.7794 4.7937 0.9995 0.9998 Multimodal(MRICT) Joint PCA Sparse 26.4111 0.9634 6.7409 0.9403 .9977 PCA 20.8380 0.8096 6.5502 0.8690 .9919 OMP fusion 24.8056 0.9940 6.7376 0.8985 .9975 V. CONCLUSION Medical Image fusion plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. In this paper, a joint fusion modal is proposed based on sparse representation theory and PCA for multimodal and multi dose medical images. Visually and quantitatively, the experimental results show that the proposed method has effectively expressed the geometric structures and edges and has proved to perform better than PCA and OMP fusion. This modal can also be extended to fuse multiple source images from multi resolution, multiple spectral frequencies and multiple modalities. REFERENCES [1] S.G. Nikolov., P.R. Hill., D.R. Bull., C.N. Canagarajah.Wavelets for image fusion, A. Petrosian, F. Meyer (Eds.), Wavelets in Signal and Image Analysis, Computational Imaging and Vision Series, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands (2001). pp. 213–244. [2]P. Burt, R. Kolczynski, Enhanced image capture through fusion, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Vision, 1993, pp. 173-182. [3] L. Rebolloà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Neira and D. Lowe, Optimized orthogonal matching pursuit approach, IEEE Signal Processing Letters, pp.137–140, 2002. [4] D. Donoho and Y. Tsaig, Sparse solutions of underdetermined linear equations by stagewise orthogonal matching pursuit, Stanford University, Tech. report 2006. [5] M. R.Metwalli, A. H. Nasr, O. S. Farag Allah, and S. El-Rabaie†Image fusion based on Principal Component Analysis and High-pass Filter†, Proceedings of the IEEE/ ICCES 2009 international Conference, DEC. 14-16, 2009, pp. 63-70. [6] H. Yin, S. Li,†Multimodal image fusion with joint sparsity model†, Opt Eng., 50(6), (2011). [7] Z. Sadeghipour, M. Babaie-Zadeh, and C. Jutten, An adaptive thresholding approach for image denoising using redundant representations, IEEE international workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing, 2009, pp. 1-6. [8] Zhou Wang, Alan C. Bovik, Hamid R. Sheikh and Eero P. Simoncelli, â€Å"Image Quality Assessment: From Error Visibility to Structural Similarity†, IEEE transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 4, April 2004.

The Typical Progression a Child Makes through a State Welfare System Es

The Typical Progression a Child Makes through a State Welfare System The paper and diagram below describe the typical progression a child makes through a state welfare system. Each figure in the diagram below links to a specific decision point described in the paper, which begins immediately after the diagram. This chart provides a model, which highlights typical decision points on a child's journey through the current foster care system. Although the format is based on federal and common state law and practice, nevertheless it is only a model. Laws vary across states, as does the capacity and practices of child welfare agencies and courts to manage their caseloads. This paper describes the typical progression a child makes through a state's child welfare system. Each state's child welfare agency is responsible for ensuring the safety and well being of children. Child welfare systems have several chief components: Â · Foster care ? full-time substitute care for children removed from their parents or guardians and for whom the state has responsibility. Foster care provides food and housing to meet the physical needs of children who are removed from their homes. Â · Child protective services (CPS) ? generally a division within the child welfare agency that administers a more narrow set of services, such as receiving and responding to child abuse and neglect allegations and providing initial services to stabilize a family. Â · Juvenile and family courts ? courts with specific jurisdiction over child maltreatment and child protection cases including foster care and adoption cases. In jurisdictions without a designated family court, general trial courts hear child welfare cases along with other civil and criminal matters. Â · Other child welfare services ? in combination with the above, these services address the complex family problems associated with child abuse and neglect. They include family preservation, family reunification, adoption, guardianship, and independent living. Â · ?While 542,000 children were in foster care on September 30, 2001, 805,000 spent some time in care over the course of that year.?1 Â · ?Children in care in 2001 had been in foster care for an average of 33 months. More than 17 percent (91,217) of the children had been in care for 5 or more years.?1 Once a child is known to the child welfare agency, ... ...ip Care Families - Frequently Asked Questions (Spring 2000) and Federal Register, Vol.65, No. 16, (January 25, 2000), pp. 4032-4033. 11U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children & Families, National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information, Foster Care National Statistics April 2001. 12U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Child Maltreatment 1999: Annual Report (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2001). Some states may include settings with fewer than seven children as group homes. 13U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration for Children, Youth and Families, Program Instruction, ACYF-PI-89-09 (October 1989). 14Foster Care National Statistics April 2001 (2000b). 15Steve Christian, A Place to Call Home Adoption and Guardianship for Children in Foster Care, p.28 (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2000) 16State of Tennessee, Comptroller of the Treasury, Foster Care Independent Living Programs (1998). 171994 Green Book (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994).

Feminine Power in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

Whether young or middle-aged, the female characters in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn played vital roles. They were more a part of the novel’s scenic backdrop, but their function served in shaping the main character(s). The women and girls of the book were stereotypical, teachers, and â€Å"worse† than the males. The female characters were given stereotypical qualities, being depicted from an American man’s point of view. They were perceived as virtuous, innocent, helpless women, needing aid from the male characters. Women’s vulnerability can be made out in chapter eleven of the novel, where Judith Loftus confesses to wanting the assistance of Huck, â€Å"she told me to try for the next one† (Twain 59). Females occupy the back of the novel, seen as â€Å"nagging, providing inspiration, often weeping or hysterical† (Walker 139-153). You can witness this in chapter twenty-eight of the novel, where Huck stumbles upon Mary Jane Wilks, â€Å"she had stopped now, with a folded gown in her lap, and had her face in her hands, crying† (Twain 187). They possessed many assets, including: honesty, compassion, a sense of duty, innocence, and limitation; making them look powerless, as they were in the society of those days. Women were also the teachers of those days. Not only is Huck taught his education by women, but learns the ways of humanity from them as well. Some women, such as the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson, are â€Å"principal female mentors† (Walker 139-153). Huck Finn begins developing more and more traits from the females you see him interacting with. Often he â€Å"tries to run from the civilizing presence of women† (Walker 139-153). This is shown in the final chapter of the novel, â€Å"Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me and I can’t stand it† (Twain 293). He is educated in school books, societal etiquette, and the Christian faith. You can find these teachings from Miss Watson in chapter one of the novel, â€Å"†¦took a set at me now, with a spelling-book. She worked me middling hard for about an hour†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Twain 3). Lastly, the female characters were of far less import to Twain than the male characters, just as you would’ve seen in the typical culture of his day. Morally, they were better off than men, but they were powerless to society. â€Å"Both the men and the women in the novel illustrate the values of a society that has little regard for human dignity, but the female characters also embody virtues that could redeem that society if the women were empowered to do so† (Walker 139-153). The men tend to be unruly characters, while the women demonstrate high merit. My scrutiny, like Nancy Walker’s, is that the women, though supposed to have been unimportant to the novel, held essential roles. They were stereotyped teachers who had better ethics than the male characters. The book wouldn’t have been complete without them, seeing as they were a large part of Huckleberry Finn’s growth. Works Cited Walker, Nancy. â€Å"Reformers and Young Maidens: Women and Virtue in Huckleberry Finn. † Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (1990): 139-153. Print. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Print.

Crime And The Victims Of Crime - 1627 Words

Are those members of society who are most fearful of crime also most likely to become the victims of crime? Among society, there are many variances in people’s perceptions of safety and the threat of crime. This small essay will discuss whether members of society that are considered the most fearful of crime are accurate in their concerns and are also most likely to become victims of committed crimes. The fear of crime refers specifically to the fear and anxiety a person may feel resulting from a specific perceived threat or out of fear of potentially becoming a victim of crime, as opposed to the actual probability of becoming a victim of crime (Hale, 1996). According to Makkai and Prenzler (2014), both gender differences and age differences are variables that may affect an individual’s level of fear of becoming a victim of crime. Thus, the members of society who are considered to be the most fearful of crime are women, as well as younger and older individuals in respect to age (Davis Dossetor, 2010; Hale, 1996; Makkai Prenzler, 2014). Young individuals such as children and teenagers, and older individuals regarded as those aged 60 and over, are more likely to perceive the threat of crime as more probable and consequently be the most fearful of crime. Parker (1988) suggests that younger people’s lifestyles are a large factor in increasing their fear of crime as they regularly spend time in groups and in public places with more highly perceived rates of crime such asShow MoreRelatedVictims, Crime, And Crime Victims1579 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy of victims, especially crime victims, has created new categories of victims that had not been previously noted. 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Children and juveniles have a different language set, understanding of law, mindset, and even a different way of coping compared to their adult counterparts. Officers dealing with these younger persons need to understand the capacity of these children, and how to properly communicate with them. These children involved in crimes often will testifyRead MoreVictims and Crime Evaluation873 Words   |  4 PagesVictims and Crime Evaluation Victims and Crime Evaluation The role of the prosecutor A prosecutor is a law enforcement official who is the chief legal representative in the court systems in countries with either the common law adversarial system, or the civil law inquisitorial system. The prosecutor is responsible for representing the state, in presenting the case in a criminal trial against an individual accused of breaking the law. Prosecutors are typically lawyers who possess a law degreeRead MoreWomen as Victims of Crime1823 Words   |  8 PagesWomen as Victims of Crimes Elisha M. Snead Women in Crime April.24, 2012 Gender violence is a prevalent problem worldwide, touching all aspects of women’s lives from the home to the workplace to the street. Efforts to understand the nature global extent of violence against women are recent activism and building on gender violence is in a period of fast development. In this paper I will discuss what violence against women is, signs of abuse, I will also discuss the increasing violence againstRead MoreThe Effects Of Crime On The Victim Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesthe advances with DNA evidence among other things. Although the effects on the exonerated are more than substantial the victim is usually under represented. In 2013 the ICF International analyzed several cases to show impacts of crime on the victim and what goes on during an exoneration. Influences experienced during a crime can range from physical to psychological for a victim. Physical affects can range from gunshot wounds, broken bones, and lacerations that leave scares for the rest of his orRead MoreThe Victims Of Violent Crime1649 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Victims of violent crime experience extreme emotional distress, which is particularly intense for those who suffer serious physical injuries that require hospitalization. Unfortunately, most victims leave the hospital without receiving any services to reduce this distress or any information about crime victim compensation programs to which they may be entitled. Moreover, many victims do not participate in the judicial process because such participation would exacerbate the emotionalRead MoreIs Rape A Victim Of A Sexual Crime? Essay1253 Words   |  6 Pagesmake their victim more vulnerable and an easy target for rape. Purpose: To teach the audience why it is important to prosecute these type of cases. I. Introduction A. Rape is defined as, â€Å"the penetration no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.† (Editorial Board, 2016, P.21) B. It is important to know what measures can be used to lower your risk of becoming a victim of a sexualRead MoreEssay on Victim and Crime Evulation1159 Words   |  5 PagesVictim and Crime Evaluation Larry Fulse CJA /354 May 5, 2014 Joeseph Caulfield The Criminal Justice system today is our scale of judgment. It plays a major part in how we live and how we continue to live among all the dangers, evil and corruption that surrounds us. Without it there wouldn`t be the fine line of right and wrong, there wouldn`t be justice. Those that are considered victims in our criminal justice would turn and become the aggressors and the criminals if we didn`t have a